[Study on the expression level of four kinds of interleukins in mice model with peri-implantitis].

PURPOSE: To investigate the gross manifestation and tissue destruction at different inflammatory periods of ligature-induced peri-implantitis in mice model, and to evaluate the changes of interleukins level in the gingival crevicular fluid of implants at different stages. METHODS: Forty 4-week-old male C57BL/6N mice (18-22 g) were used and the maxillary right first molars were extracted, custom-made pure titanium machined screw type implants (1 mm×1.5 mm) were placed immediately, one implant per animal. Four weeks later, the mice were randomly divided into experimental and control group. 5-0 cotton ligatures were applied around implant necks in the experimental group to induce peri-implantitis. Alveolar bone loss and clinical index records of the soft and hard tissue were assessed every 5 days following ligature.According to the measured data, the stages of peri-implantitis were ascertained. The gingival crevicular fluid of implants in the early, middle and late stages in the experimental group was extracted and the expression of IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-17A was detected. SPSS 22.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Alveolar bone absorption of all the mice in the experimental group reached 25% 10 days after ligature. This time point was early stage of peri-implantitis. On day 20, the alveolar bone loss around implant in 95% of mice in the experimental group reached 25%-50%, which was identified as middle stage. The alveolar bone loss of all mice in the experimental group was over 50% 30 days following ligature, which was confirmed as late stage. Compared with the early stage, the expression of IL-1α and IL-6 decreased significantly in the middle stage; while the expression levels of IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-17A decreased significantly in the late stage. CONCLUSIONS: Mice models with peri-implantitis of various stages were successfully established by ligature and the expression of IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-17A in different stages of disease was detected, which provided a basis for further research the relationship between interleukin content and peri-implantitis development.

A novel PTCH1 mutation underlies nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in a Han Chinese family.

OBJECTIVES: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is the most common craniofacial congenital disease, and it has a complex aetiology. This study aimed to identify the causative gene mutation of a Han Chinese family with CL/P. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Whole exome sequencing was conducted on the proband and her mother, who exhibited the same phenotype. A Mendelian dominant inheritance model, allele frequency, mutation regions, functional prediction and literature review were used to screen and filter the variants. The candidate was validated by Sanger sequencing. Conservation analysis and homology modelling were conducted. RESULTS: A heterozygous missense mutation c.1175C>T in the PTCH1 gene predicting p.Ala392Val was identified. This variant has not been reported and was predicted to be deleterious. Sanger sequencing verified the variant and the dominant inheritance model in the family. The missense alteration affects an amino acid that is evolutionarily conserved in the first extracellular loop of the PTCH1 protein. The local structure of the mutant protein was significantly altered according to homology modelling. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that c.1175C>T in PTCH1 (NM_000264) may be the causative mutation of this pedigree. Our results add to the evidence that PTCH1 variants play a role in the pathogenesis of orofacial clefts.

A novel optimal coordinated control strategy for the updated robot system for single port surgery.

BACKGROUND: Research into robotic systems for single port surgery (SPS) has become widespread around the world in recent years. A new robot arm system for SPS was developed, but its positioning platform and other hardware components were not efficient. Special features of the developed surgical robot system make good teleoperation with safety and efficiency difficult. METHODS: A robot arm is combined and used as new positioning platform, and the remote center motion is realized by a new method using active motion control. A new mapping strategy based on kinematics computation and a novel optimal coordinated control strategy based on real-time approaching to a defined anthropopathic criterion configuration that is referred to the customary ease state of human arms and especially the configuration of boxers' habitual preparation posture are developed. RESULTS: The hardware components, control architecture, control system, and mapping strategy of the robotic system has been updated. A novel optimal coordinated control strategy is proposed and tested. CONCLUSIONS: The new robot system can be more dexterous, intelligent, convenient and safer for preoperative positioning and intraoperative adjustment. The mapping strategy can achieve good following and representation for the slave manipulator arms. And the proposed novel control strategy can enable them to complete tasks with higher maneuverability, lower possibility of self-interference and singularity free while teleoperating.